Global Economic Outlook
The global economy seems to have sluggish growth in the near term, with the ongoing geopolitical crises and climate change. Wars are happening across two major regions including the Middle East and Europe. At the same time, climate change is significantly affecting resource and economic development. However, in the long run, the global economy paints a different picture with growth projected across Europe and developing countries in Asia and Africa.
The global economy is expected to maintain a growth rate of 3.2% in 2024 and 2025, as many economies have shown resilience during this high inflation period. However, some low-income and developing economies have reported sizable downside growth revisions, mainly due to intensifying conflicts. The headline inflation rate is projected to drop to 3.5% by the end of 2025, a notable recovery after the inflation peaked at 9.4% in the third quarter of 2022. Inflation in most countries is around central bank targets and that’s why central banks are seeing an opportunity to ease their monetary policy.
Two of the largest economies in the world, the United States and China have cut rates and expect to achieve projected growth in 2024 and 2025. In 2024 so far, the U.S. economy has improved considering the fading fear of recession and the Fed cutting rates in September. The US stock market has been the top performer with the S&P 500 index soaring over 28% year-to-date, as of December 12. Whereas, the Nasdaq Composite, Russell 2000 Index, and Dow Jones Industrial Average have jumped over 36%, 19%, and 17% year-to-date, respectively. On the other side, China’s president has vowed to achieve the GDP growth target of 5% in 2024. However, the largest exporter in the world is facing the worst export growth in years, with 6.7% growth in November 2024, missing estimates by 8.5% and down from a growth rate of 12.7% in October 2024.
The Long-Term Economic Picture
The long-term economic growth is expected to improve, but several factors that can impact the economic progress include GDP growth, inflation, interest rates, unemployment rates, and productivity growth. According to PwC, the world economy is projected to more than double in size by 2050. The emerging economies will be key to the global economy and the E7 economies would potentially increase their share of global GDP from 35% to almost 50%. China and India are expected to be two of the largest economies in the world by 2100, sharing an accumulated global GDP share of 38%.
Vietnam, India, and Bangladesh are expected to be three of the world’s fastest-growing economies. According to the IMF’s GDP forecast for 2030, 16 Asian countries will be among the largest economies.
With that, let’s take a look at the 25 largest economies in the world by 2100.
25 Largest Economies in the World by 2100
25 Largest Economies in the World by 2100
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Our Methodology
To compile our list of the 25 largest economies in the world by 2100, we initially viewed data from the ‘Economics in the Year 2100’ by Fathom. It provides data for the estimated percentage share of countries in the global GDP in 2100. It also gives the projected GDP PPP value of the top 10 economies in 2100. We utilized the data for the GDP PPP value of the top countries and percentage share to calculate the total global GDP value in 2100. Based on our estimations, the global GDP PPP is expected to be approximately $449 trillion by 2100. Then we calculated the GDP PPP for the remaining countries based on their percentage share of the global economy against the projected global GDP of $449 trillion in 2100. We have ranked the 25 largest economies in the world by 2100 in ascending order of their GDP share. We used the population projections for 2100, by the UN, as a tie-breaker for the countries with the same percent contribution to the global economy in 2100.
25 Largest Economies in the World by 2100
- Pakistan
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 0.86%
Population Forecast (2100): 487 Million
Pakistan is currently facing political turmoil and economic instability. However, it will be ranked among the largest economies in the world by 2100. Pakistan’s GDP is projected to reach $3.86 trillion in 2100.
- Australia
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 0.89%
Population Forecast (2100): 38 Million
Australia is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. With an estimated GDP of around $3.99 trillion, Australia will be among the largest economies by 2100.
- Brazil
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 0.89%
Population Forecast (2100): 186 Million
Brazil is one of the largest economies in South America and it has one of the largest populations as well. Brazil is expected to contribute 0.89% to the global economy by 2100, with an anticipated GDP of $3.99 trillion.
- Vietnam
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 0.90%
Population Forecast (2100): 91 Million
Vietnam is expected to have a GDP of around $4.04 trillion in 2100 while the population is projected to reach 91 million. With a projected share of 0.90% in the global economy, Vietnam ranks on our list of the largest countries in the world by 2100.
- Kazakhstan
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 0.91%
Population Forecast (2100): 34 Million
Kazakhstan will be one of the largest economies in the world by 2100. The country is expected to have a GDP of around $4.09 trillion and the population is projected to cross 34 million in 2100.
- Canada
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 0.99%
Population Forecast (2100): 54 Million
Canada is ranked 20th among the largest countries in the world in 2100. Canada is projected to have a 0.99% share of the global economy in 2100, with its GDP reaching $4.45 trillion. The country’s population will be just touching the 54 million mark in 2100.
- Tanzania
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 1.02%
Population Forecast (2100): 245 Million
Tanzania will contribute nearly 1.02% to the global GDP in 2100 and will have a projected GDP of $4.58 trillion. The country’s population will reach 245 million by 2100, making it one of the most populated countries in the next 80 years.
- South Korea
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 1.20%
Population Forecast (2100): 24 Million
South Korea will continue to remain one of the largest economies in Asia, with its projected GDP of $5.49 trillion by 2100. South Korea ranks 18th on our list of the largest countries in the world by 2100.
- France
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 1.25%
Population Forecast (2100): 61 Million
France will be the 17th largest economy in the world by 2100, as per the projections. The European country will hold nearly 1.25% share of the global GDP by 2100 while its GDP will reach $5.61 trillion.
- Iran
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 1.25%
Population Forecast (2100): 80 Million
Iran continues to progress despite the sanctions and global trade limitations. Iran is part of BRICS and will be one of the largest economies in the world by 2100. Iran will have an estimated GDP of around $5.61 trillion by 2100.
- Malaysia
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 1.29%
Population Forecast (2100): 39 Million
Malaysia is projected to have a 1.29% share of the global economy by 2100, with an estimated GDP of $5.71 trillion. The UN projects Malaysia’s population to surpass 39 million by 2100.
- Egypt
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 1.31%
Population Forecast (2100): 205 Million
Ranked 14th on our list, Egypt will be among the top 15 largest economies in the world in 2100. Egypt will be one of the most populated nations in 2100 while its projected GDP will be $5.88 trillion.
- Bangladesh
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 1.32%
Population Forecast (2100): 176 Million
Bangladesh’s economy continues to grow on the back of its growing exports. Bangladesh will have an estimated GDP of around $5.93 trillion in 2100 and will be among the largest economies in the world by 2100.
- Philippines
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 1.33%
Population Forecast (2100): 180 Million
The Philippines ranks 12th among the largest countries in the world by 2100. The estimated GDP of the Philippines is projected to reach $5.97 trillion by 2100 while the population of the country will surpass 180 million.
- Nigeria
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 1.54%
Population Forecast (2100): 546 Million
Nigeria is one of the largest economies in Africa and will be the largest economy in the region in 2100 with an expected GDP of $6.91 trillion. Nigeria will also be among the most populated countries by 2100.
- United Kingdom
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 1.55%
Population Forecast (2100): 70 Million
The United Kingdom will be the 10th largest economy in the world by 2100 with a projected GDP of around $6.96 trillion. The United Kingdom will hold nearly 1.55% share of the global economy by 2100.
- Japan
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 1.59%
Population Forecast (2100): 74 Million
Japan will have a projected GDP of almost $7.14 trillion in 2100, making it one of the largest economies in the world. Japan’s population is projected to reach nearly 74 million by 2100.
- Germany
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 1.65%
Population Forecast (2100): 69 Million
Germany is one of the largest economies in Europe and will be one of the largest countries in the world by 2100. Germany is expected to have a share of 1.65% of the global economy, with its GDP projected to reach $7.41 trillion.
- Ethiopia
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 1.88%
Population Forecast (2100): 324 Million
Ethiopia is estimated to have a 1.88% share of the global economy by 2100 while its GDP will reach $8.44 trillion. With the population expected to reach 324 million, Ethiopia will be one of the largest countries in the world by 2100.
- Indonesia
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 2.35%
Population Forecast (2100): 297 Million
Indonesia is ranked sixth on our list of the largest economies in the world by 2100. Indonesia’s GDP is projected to reach $10.55 trillion in 2100.
- Türkiye
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 2.64%
Population Forecast (2100): 83 Million
Türkiye is expected to have a GDP of approximately $11.84 trillion in 2100, representing a 2.64% share of the global economy. Türkiye ranks fifth among the largest economies in the world by 2100.
- Russia
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 2.95%
Population Forecast (2100): 112 Million
Russia is one of the key members of the BRICS alliance and is a leading natural gas exporter to European countries. In 2100, Russia is projected to have a GDP of almost $13.25 trillion.
- United States
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 11.38%
Population Forecast (2100): 394 Million
The United States will be one of the largest countries by 2100. The country is projected to contribute 11.38% to the global economy by 2100 while its GDP is expected to surpass $51 trillion.
- India
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 15.61%
Population Forecast (2100): 1.60 Billion
India will be the second-largest economy in the world by 2100. The country will share 15.61% of the total global GDP in 2100, with its GDP projected to cross $70 trillion.
You can check out the 10 Best Indian Stocks for the Next 10 Years.
- China
Projected Share in the Global GDP (2100): 22.68%
Population Forecast (2100): 767 Million
China tops our list of the largest economies in the world by 2100. The population of China is projected to reach 767 million by 2100 while the country’s GDP global share will be around 22.68%. China’s projected GDP for 2100 is around $101.86 trillion.
Recently we published 8 Most Promising Chinese Stocks According to Hedge Funds. These stocks are some of the favorite Chinese stocks held by prominent hedge funds tracked by Insider Monkey.
